The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution protects individuals against unlawful searches and seizures. This protection extends not only to residences, but also to automobiles and a search of your person. However, Supreme Court cases have held that individuals have a lesser expectation of privacy in a motor vehicle than they do in their homes. Under ordinary circumstances, a police officer does not have the right to search a car without a valid warrant, permission from the driver, or some other valid reason. However, there are exceptions to this warrant requirement, some of which are as follows: 1. A police officer may search your vehicle if he or she asks to do so and you consent. 2. A police officer may search your vehicle if he or she has probable cause to believe that evidence of a crime exists in the vehicle. For example, if the police officer observed contraband in plain view in the vehicle (e.g., by looking through a window or door), or if a drug dog alerts to the presence of contraband in a vehicle, that is typically enough probable cause to warrant a vehicle search. 3. If the police officer believes that a search of the vehicle is necessary for officer safety, then he or she may search the vehicle. 4. A vehicle may be searched incident to a lawful arrest if the lawful arrest, such as for a drug offense, is the reason for searching the vehicle. 5. A motor vehicle that has been impounded may also be subject to a valid search.
When Can Police Search Your Car